PEST Analysis of Proton Essay Essay Example

PEST Analysis of Proton Essay Paper 1. 0 Introduction: PEST is a survey which is discerning by depicting the outside of ecological manipulates on a company. The abbreviation locates for the Political. Economic. Social and Technological affairs with the purpose of may possibly act upon the tactical growing of a company ( ESCAP 2009 ) . Here I choose a concern organisation which is PROTON to sort PEST which manipulates a helpful technique of abbreviation the exterior milieus in which this concern maps. We will write a custom essay sample on PEST Analysis of Proton Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on PEST Analysis of Proton Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on PEST Analysis of Proton Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However. it has to be trailed up through contemplation of how this company ought to respond towards these force per unit areas. The intent of this papers is towards the centre of attending on the affair of proton within conditions of facing dissimilar predicaments within the Malaysia every bit good as world-wide automotive concern ( ESCAP 2009 ) . 2. 0 BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY: 2. 1 IntroductionThe automotive concern in local is regard as solitary of the bulk indispensable every bit good as of import tactical concerns within the developed part. Malaysia is chiefly a traveller concern market and the trade is good thought-out as a national market-directed. The most of import cause why traveller concern market is well-known within the state is for the ground that of the fiscal place of the state ( World Wide Web. proton. com ) . 2. 2 Company HistoryIt all started in 1979. Malaysia’s Minister of Modernization. Tun Mahathir Mohamad. debated the idea of establishing an automotive assemblage every bit good as developed concern in our state. On May 7. 1983. the vision was rewarded after PROTON was officially integrated ( World Wide Web. proton. com ) . Furthermore. on July 9. 1985. their initial reproduction. the Proton Saga was commercially begun. In the beginning. every one of the mechanisms of the vehicle was wholly semisynthetic through Mitsubishi. but the local component has been able to be used. as engineerings were transported every bit good as capacities were enlarged ( Frost A ; Sullivan 2002 ) . The symbol of the vehicle was distorted as of the Malaysia’s coat of weaponries every bit good as a fourteen-pointed star to a stylized tiger caput. It represents PROTON’s disposal method every bit good as industry term. even as its authority is replicated in each and every Proton merchandises ( Histomobile. n. vitamin D ) . 2. 3 Products and ServicesThey created their 1 millionth auto in the twelvemonth 1996. This achievement was marketed through more than a few of import novel reproduction begins consist of the Proton Tiara. Proton Wira 2. 0 Diesel every bit good as the two-door Proton Putra. to boot to their obtaining agreement of the Proton Wira. Proton Satria every bit good as Proton Perdana. In the following 10 old ages. they continue to be after and bring forth an advanced assortment of replicas consist of the Proton Waja. Proton Juara. Proton Arena. Proton Gen 2. Proton Savvy. Proton Persona. Proton Innova every bit good as Proton Preve ( World Wide Web. proton. com ) . Furthermore. we produced new innovation replicas consist of the fresh Saga. Waja CPS. Gen 2 CPS every bit good as the Persona Special Edition. Nowadays they are persistently looking for betterment that makes PROTON as a merchandise that includes non merely fabricating the best vehicles. but accepting the rules that arrives with it ( www. proton. com ) . 3. 0 Introduction of PEST Analysis: 3. 1 PoliticalGovernmental bureaus are basically to what rank the authorization interfere in the asceticism. These issues explain about official and non functionary ordinance which their collection must be attached to. Accurately. constitutional causes accommodate field such as revenue enhancement disposal. employment fundamental law. ecology categorization. export countenances. disbursal. and domestic confidence ( Businessballs. com ) . General bureau may besides suit effects and pertinence which the general wants to set up or be arranged and those that authorization does non desire to be arranged. Additionally. governments accept inordinate bureau on the fittingness. sophistication and root of a democracy ( pestleanalysis. com ) . 3. 2 EconomyEffective bureau suit effective progress. one-year per centum rate. currency exchange rates. committee degrees. enduring beforehand expectancy of a provincial. bankruptcy. calling concatenation. GNP trend-sand. extension sum and wellness possibility and cost. These factors have major impacts on how concern operate and do determination. For excuse bank rate alter a compact’s sum of dominant and accordingly to what country concern grows and embroider. Currency exchange rates change the sum of transporting material and the accretion and cost of purpose material in an asceticism ( pestleanalysis. com ) . 3. 3 SocialSocial issues include beliefs. attitudes. linguistic communication. gender functions every bit good as faith. Not merely that. it besides consist of the cultural characteristics every bit good as including of wellness consciousness. occupants demographics. age distribution. profession manners. net incomes distribution. consumerism. phase of instruction every bit good as importance on protection. Inclination in social issues act upon the demand for a business’s goods along with how that concern operates. For case. concerns might change a assortment of disposal tactics to accommodate to these societal inclinations ( Businessballs. com ) . 3. 4 TechnologicalTechnological issues regard as the patterned advance in engineering every bit good as the latent in the market. Technological issues consist of technological characteristics for case R A ; D action. mechanisation. engineering incentives every bit good as the rate of technological alters. They could set up obstructions to entry. minimal well-organized innovation rank every bit good as manipulates outsourcing decision. Furthermore. technological displacements could act upon monetary values. values every bit good as usher to freshness ( pestleanalysis. com ) . 4. 0 Relate Framework to Organization: 4. 1 Political ComponentThe being of AFTA otherwise ASEAN Free Trade Area is one of the critical issues to believe about. Soon. the bulk of ASEAN territory are complimentary trade otherwise 96 % of the whole ASEAN trade. AFTA was well-known in January of 1992 in categorize to eliminate revenue enhancement barriers amongst the Southeast Asiatic provinces. It intended to diminish revenue enhancements in 15 old ages amongst the six provinces during an ordinary effective particular revenue enhancement since Malaysia has two countrywide vehicle Godheads which are Proton every bit good as Perodua plus the authorities requests to support their benefits. Sadly. the supposed growing might verify to be a probationary key. There is a big chance to ease the local market will be ruled through importing vehicles if we are about to guarantee on the elevated advertisement costs of the countrywide vehicles of Malaysia for the ground that of high innovation monetary values every bit good as be short of merchandiser effectivity. Therefore. there will be raise in the measure of the autos on the route every bit good as there will be accretion of used vehicles in the market. for the ground that citizens will be probably to cover their vehicles for lower monetary values every bit good as importing merchandises. Furthermore. the factor refering the milieus is really of import since it is regard as one of the bulk converse in relation to subject in the Earth. Besides. the ecological direction in Malaysia is able to be copied back through the colonialism of British which begun the ecological rules sing the mineral every bit good as agricultural ownerships to Europe. 4. 2 Economy ComponentThe car gross revenues in the state is expected to fall by 12. 4 % due to dissimilar fiscal characteristic. the issue of planetary fiscal crisis which exaggerated the local economic place of the province in 2009. The disposal of the province is looking for a slower fiscal expansion for the province which can act upon the purchasing attitude of the clients. Furthermore. AFTA had enlarged the competition which will impact the presentation of Proton. Nevertheless. the presentation of the car concern will be preserved every bit good as managed due to the big amount labour force. In add-on. the unemployment rate was merely 3. 5 % . which illustrates an about full employment in malice of the slower fiscal growing in 2003. 4. 3 Social ComponentThe lifting dwellers in the province can act upon the car concern.The province has a amount of 27. 5 million people in the twelvemonth 2008 which has the ability to give a larger sum of markets. Furthermore. the fraction of vehicle ownership in the province is reasonably high which indicates that citizens are taking into consideration vehicles are as chief materials in their lives. Customers are anticipated to postpone purchasing diverse motor vehicle for the ground that of the employment market hesitantly for the ground that of the worldwide and local economic catastrophe. The lifting facts every bit good as public presentation of the citizens refering diverse ecological factors is an excess issue to believe about. The hit of the illustration to the fidelity of the client is another factor. 4. 4 Technology ComponentThe critical issue in the automotive concern is engineering. The growing in engineering is lifting every bit good as impacting the presentation every bit good as agreement of all the concern in the car concern because of the lifting competition. Furthermore. it is besides critical to reflect on the development of engineering. reciprocally among the development and ability of developing. This is for the ground that it could act upon the freshness process of any concern. Intellectual belongings is good thought-out as a precursor of legitimacy every bit good as clannishness is an extra critical issue. By ground of the dissimilar engineerings. chiefly the aid of Personal computer every bit good as the cyberspace. the possible for freshness and betterment is lifting. 5. 0 Decision: 5. 1 Summary of AnalysisProton was regard as the countrywide vehicle manufacturer of Malaysia every bit good every bit respect as the most of import rival within the concern. Nevertheless because of the dissimilar issues. chiefly the achievement of AFTA. the auctions every bit good as market portion of the concern garbage ( Ghani A ; Zainuddin 2008 ) . However. because of the changeless backup of the disposal. plus the changeless agreement of the concern in the market. it could be alleged so as to the concern botched to focal point on the critical characteristic of a concern consecutively to continue rival advantage every bit good as that is novelty ( BuildBoard n. vitamin D ) . Consecutively to decide the recent fortunes of the concern. it will be critical to focal point on freshness or R A ; D process. This may possibly be completed by focus oning on associating latest Information technology or IS in the way of speed uping the process of intriguing ( BuildBoard n. vitamin D ) . Mentions: 1. World Wide Web. proton. com 2. Ghani. K. . Zainuddin. Y. . Fereidouni. H. G. A ; Ziaee. A. ( 2008 ) . ‘AFTA: Consequence on Malayan Economy’ . Journal of Management and Social Sciences. Vol. 4. no. 2. pp. 134 – 141. 3. Hax. A A ; Wilde II. D. ( 2003 ) . ‘The Delta Model – A New Framework of Strategy’ . Journal of Strategic Management Education. vol. 1. no. 1. 4. World Wide Web. slideshare. net/mandalina/marketing-plan-proton 5. PEST analysis method and illustrations. Businessballs. com. 6. Howard Thomas. ( 2007 ) â€Å"An analysis of the environment and competitory kineticss of direction education† . Journal of Management Development. Vol. 26 Iodine: 1. pp. 9 – 21. 7. Atul Gupta. Jason C. McDaniel. S. Kanthi Herath. ( 2005 ) â€Å"Quality direction in service houses: prolonging constructions of entire quality service† . Managing Service Quality. Vol. 15 Iodine: 4. pp. 389 – 402. 8. World Wide Web. proton-edar. com. my/ Home / About-Us aspx 9. George O. K’Aol. Francis Wambalaba. â€Å"Homegrown Kenya: the horticultural industry under fire on CSR† . Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies Collection. ( 2011 ) . 10. 12Manage. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis. Available from:hypertext transfer protocol: //www. 12manage. com/ . [ 25th March 2009 ] 11. Frost A ; Sullivan ( 2002 ) . The impact of AFTA on the ASEAN Automotive Industry. 12. Nijssen. E. J. A ; Frambach. R. ( 2000 ) . Making Customer Value Through Strategic Marketing Planning: A Management Approach. Springer. 13. ESCAP ( 2009 ) . V. Malaysia. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. unescap. org/tid/publication/part_two2223_mal. pdf. [ Accessed 24th 2009 ] .

Funk Art Movement, From Ceramics to Found Objects

Funk Art Movement, From Ceramics to Found Objects By the middle of the 1950s, abstract expressionism had held sway in the art world for a full decade, and there existed certain artists who felt the adulation had gone on for roughly nine years too long. In an uncoordinated artistic rebellion, a number of new movements began to gain traction. The one characteristic these movements had in common was shunning the abstract in favor of the tangible. From this, the delightfully-named Funk Art movement was born. Origins of the Funk Art  Name The romantic version of Funk Arts etymology says it came from jazz music, where funky was a term of approbation. Jazz is also perceived as unrefined and especially with late 50s free jazz unorthodox. This fits neatly, for Funk Art was nothing if not unrefined and unorthodox. However, it is probably closer to the truth to say that Funk Art came from the original, negative meaning of funk: a powerful stench, or an assault on ones senses. Whichever version you believe, the baptism occurred in 1967, when UC Berkeley Art History professor and Founding Director of the Berkeley Art Museum, Peter Selz, curated the Funk exhibition. Where Funk Art Was Created The movement got its start in the San Francisco Bay area, specifically at the University of California, Davis. In fact, many of the artists who participated in Funk Art were on the studio art faculty. Funk Art never outgrew being a regional movement, which is just as well. The Bay Area, the epicenter of the underground, was probably the one place in which it could have thrived, let alone survived. How Long the Movement Lasted Funk Arts heyday was in the mid- to late-1960s. Naturally, its beginnings were much earlier; the (very) late-1950s seem to be the point of origin. By the end of the 1970s, things were pretty much over as far as artistic movements go. To include all possibilities, it can be said Funk Art was produced for no more than two decades and 15 years would be more realistic. It was fun while it lasted, but Funk did not have a long life. The Key Characteristics of Funk Art Found and everyday objectsAutobiographical subjects(Frequently inappropriate) humorAudience engagementElevation of ceramics Historic Precedent Funk was preceded by another Bay Area art movement known as Beat Era Funk or Funk Assemblage. Its attitude was more surrealistic than funky, but it did add a few notes to Funk. Despite also being regional, Beat Era Funk never garnered much popularity. In terms of humor and subject matter, Funk Arts lineage goes straight back to Dada, while its aspects of collage and assemblage hearken to Pablo Picassos and Georges Braques Synthetic Cubism. Artists Associated with Funk Art Robert ArnesonWallace BermanBruce ConnerRoy De ForestJay DeFeoViola FreyDavid GilhoolyWally HedrickRobert H. HudsonJessEd KienholzManuel NeriGladys NilssonJim NuttPeter SaulRichard ShawWilliam T. Wiley Sources Albright, Thomas. Art in the San Francisco Bay Area: 1945 to 1980, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.Nelson, A. G. You (exh. cat.),  Davis: University of California Press, 2007.See: The Early Years of the UC Davis Studio Art FacultyOral history interview with Bruce Nauman, 1980 May 27-30,  Archives of American Art, Smithsonian InstitutionOral history interview with Roy De Forest, 2004 Apr. 7-June 30,  Archives of American Art, Smithsonian InstitutionSelz, Peter. Funk (exh. cat.).  Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967.Tinti, Mary M. Funk Art,  Grove Art Online, accessed 25 Apr. 2012.

Sexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sexuality - Essay Example In some cases, the discourses focused on the struggle between patriarchal forces and the forces of feminist responses. Thesis Although gender and sexuality tend to define categories and identities within some cultural frames of references, these discourses often get disrupted by other forces such as class, and race, which eventually determine the manner in which they are represented at individual level, group, societal and national levels. Roadmap This paper will focus on some readings and films with the objective of determining the manner in which they represent the subject of gender and sexuality. The major topics will revolve around gender, race, and class. Gender Vast amounts of literature and films explore the dynamics and challenges that are anchored on the discourses of gender and sexuality. These films and readings cover some of the dominant themes within this discourse including power, subjugation, tribulation, emancipation, cultural factors, and empowerment. Many convergent themes on the matter continue to attend to the matter including the possibility of creating structures that would redeem the oppressed gender from the systematic structural disadvantages that make it difficult for them to gain any meaningful progress within the discourse human development. Radical approaches on both feminism and patriarchy have often been attributed to the rise of gay, lesbianism, homoeroticism, bisexuals, heterosexuals, and other categories that cut across both men and women. As such, the line of demarcation has been erased to an extent that multiple possibilities could exist within the same individual. However, gender, race, and class remain the most dominant discourses that determine the gender and sexuality. Charlotte Perkin Gilman’s short story, The Yellow Wallpaper, explores the psychological tensions and damage that result from the systematic and structural oppression from the patriarchal system. The narrator is a woman who struggles from a mental con dition in a house in which her husband confines her. She observes a strange and disturbing pattern of an oppressed woman in the wallpaper. Retaining her in the house symbolizes some aspect of triumph by the patriarchal forces by retaining her to her domestic role within the expectations of the custom on gender roles. The narrator’s final act of tearing down the wallpaper symbolizes an act of defiance against the gender design that subjugates women and imprisons them within the domestic space. Gilman’s short story is comparable in theme to the film Rabbit- Proof Fence directed by Philip Noyce. The film focusses on the plight of three aboriginal girls attempt to escape from the stifling conditions imposed onto them by the captors and tormentors who want to exploit them for some higher goals of social transformation. In this film, the three young girls are not defined in any terms larger than their sexuality and gender. Their captors intend to train them to be future hous e helps for the white people. They also hope that the girls would eventually get married to the white community in order to erase rid the aboriginal community of the â€Å"impure† elements. The struggle of the three girls to redeem themselves from the retrogressive social roles imposed on them underlines a deep-seated gender division that actively violates the rights and liberties of the female gender for their own private gains. Race The subjugation of women becomes even more complicated when perceived from the perspective of race.

The Influence of Organized Crime Research Paper

The Influence of Organized Crime - Research Paper Example organized crime groups seek to develop social control in particular communities and exert influence through corruption and violence in order to attain status and political power. Siegel (2012) points out that transnational organized crime is a significant threat to economic growth and political stability in the US since the criminal networks infiltrate the financial and security sectors of the economy through corruption and coercion. The criminal activities such as money laundering and racketeering undermine the free markets while corrupt deals challenge the rule of law, judicial systems and transparency (Mallory, 2011). The international drug trafficking organizations that operate within the US promote kidnappings for ransom and extortion activities in other countries and finance terrorism-linked organizations. Organized crime influence American politics and economy through corruption, gambling, racketeering, narcotics trafficking, cybercrime and political intimidation. The organized crime networks have facilitated illegal human smuggling in to United States since these groups smuggle terrorists, fugitives and criminals in order to expand their criminal activities. The smuggling of persons from South American countries to the US generates about $ 6.7 billion of illicit proceeds annually (Siegel, 2012). These groups are also responsible of weapon trafficking from the US to other instable countries such as Somalia, China and Mexico. The organized criminal groups have entered in to intellectual property theft that has seen imitations of the high-end devices and manufacturing processes intellectual property theft causes business losses and threatens US competitiveness in international trade (Albanese, 2014). The criminal networks pose a serious threat to the US financial and trust systems since cybercrime networks have led to billions of losses in the financial infrastructure. Cybercrime has eroded the citizens’ faith in the digital systems and electronic payment

Corporate Responsibility for Childhood Obesity Essay - 2

Corporate Responsibility for Childhood Obesity - Essay Example The authors of these two articles are supporting the same cause but in different ways. First and foremost is the length of the material, Zinczenko’s article is rather brief and reads very much like a discussion or a conversational blog posting. However, Linn and Novosat’s article is much more scientific and literary representation of their very similar arguments. Zinczenko takes the most direct route and blames the consumption of fast food directly is the cause of the childhood obesity. He argues that as a child he was a â€Å"latchkey kid,† a term in the 1970s and 1980s to describe children of, usually, single parent households, who are left to care from themselves when their guardian is at work; they used to keep the house keys are a string around their necks, hence the nickname (Zinczenko, 391-392). He offers a number of supporting factors that do benefit his argument. Firstly, he explains that his personal experience as a latchkey child, he understood how fast food becomes the quickest, most convenience, and, often, the cheapest way to feed hungry children. The greater statistics of children in economically depressed environments are even more likely to consume larger portions of the fast foods available. However, the flaw in Mr. Zinczenko argument is that no one is likely to deny that if a child or anyone was to consume fast food for every meal of the day may ultimately develop health problems and obvious weight gain. He, also, makes the correlation between childhood obesity, fast food, and the ever increasing numbers of diabetes cases among children (Zinczenko 391-393). Linn and Novosat’s article is a much more scientific and formal research work. It is considerably longer, detailed, offering statistics, and averages of test and studies performed. They do not blame the fast food items and products directly, the way that Zinczenko’s article did, but rather the specific advertising that is geared specifically towards children regarding fast food

Modernism and Postmodernism in Architecture

Modernism and Postmodernism in Architecture INTRODUCTION CONTEXT OF MODERNISM Modernism is a set of cultural or aesthetic styles which associates with the scientific and the artistic movement which started in the decade around the First World War and have dominated among several movement such as cubism, functionalism and surrealism. Sarup, M. (1993). However in architecture, modernism reacts to the dedication of addressing new buildings after the two World Wars such as mass housing of traditional forms and the potential for exploring new conditions of production such as new materials and technology. Le Corbusier and Mies van der Roche were the key influences of modern architecture; they took several cultures and tradition to formulate the notion of modern architecture. Curtis, W. J.R. (2001). Modernist have the idea that architecture should have a result as being functionalistic, positivistic, technocentric, and rationalistic with their building or urban planning. Harvey, D. (1990) page 35. In the World War II, Modernism became popular especially in the United State where it took on a new life by using different technologies such as steel frame and glass curtain walls for constructing skyscrapers and suburban office parks and shopping centers which were cost-effective. Ghirardo, D. (1996). CONTEXT OF POSTMODERNISM Postmodernism is very ambiguous to describe because it has certain elements that relates to modernism. The term originated within artists and critics in the United State in the 1960s and it was distributed in the European and other industrial nations in the 1970s. However postmodernism is an unstable concept of movement within an advance capitalist culture that argue the visual approaches in literary criticism of art, film, fashion and architecture within the political economic social conditions of the late 20th century. It also involves the new relationship between humankind and nature. Ghirardo, D. (1996). Postmodern notion of approaches to architecture derived from modernism ideology of architecture, and it even influences some postmodern architects, this is because of their knowledge from training and also their modern methods of constructions but they also add their new concept to their buildings. Jencks, C. (1988). There are three principles that Robert Sterns article portrays to describe the characteristics of postmodernism, the first characteristic is contextualism, this describes the individual building as always a fragment that represents its environment. The second is allusionism, which emphasise the building of its historical and cultural aspects, and the third is ornamentalism, and this suggests all the walls of the building to have an architectural meaning. (See the work of Robert Stern) Bertens, H. (1995) page 59. Postmodernism has also emerged the classical stage whereby it has influenced certain postmodern architects like Michael Graves, James Stirling, Norman Neuerburg and even Philip Johnsons ATT building (see figure 1). Jenks emphasise that the Free-Style Classicism determines some characteristics of postmodern architecture which started precisely from the 1980s. (See the work of Charles Jencks) Bertens, H. (1995) page 64. CRITICS OF POSTMODERNISM ON MODERNIST NOTION OF ARCHITECTURE David Harvey argues about if postmodernism, for example, represent a radical break with modernism, or is it simply a revolt within modernism against a form of high modernism. Harvey, D. (1990) page 42. This message is to question the architecture of the postmodern movement, Harvey then explains by emphasising that postmodernism has widely identify a break with the modernist conception that planning, designing and development should concentrate on the wide-scale, technologically rational and economically urban plan which should be strict on ideas of design with a functionalist perception of an international style. Harvey, D. (1990). The most influential critic on postmodernism and modernism is Charles Jenks, he portrayed architecture from a linguistic point of view as emphasises in his book The Language of Post-Modern Architecture. Jenks argues that postmodernism architecture is not a break of modernism but however its trying to overcome the ideology of its architecture not by dropping it but by extending the language to a different level into a vernacular and commercial but away from tradition. He listed all the old buildings as which had modern characteristics and named them as the ersatz, however he calls the new building as the social realism. Jencks, C. (1991) page 97. Furthermore he pinpoints the exact date for the death of modern architecture as he mention at 3:32 pm, July 15, 1972 when the Pruitt-Igoe housing project built in 1951 was demolished. Likewise Charles Jenks explores further the idea of the modernist idea within postmodernism architecture, he argues that postmodern architecture is double coded, this suggest that postmodernism is an eclectic mixture of traditional codes with modern ones this shows that modernism is always one of the codes that forms postmodernism so postmodern architecture has evolve from modernism but it must go beyond modern style. Therefore postmodernism is to break completely or drop modernist idea of architecture but has extended it into a different notion. Jenks explores Mies van de Roche who is a modern architect, he argues that the use of steel I- beams for buildings are nasty and brutal and has no purpose for its users or developers so therefore postmodernism has evolve to find solution of improving the upon modernism. Bertens, H. (1995). The indication that modernism architecture is rational and austere is because the restrictions and their influence on traditional forms and concepts which most postmodern architects see as passà ©, however when postmodern architect design they contravene to tradition also when they build their buildings they express it through a modern way by emphasising on a mixture of different styles. Likewise in the description of postmodern architecture Paolo Portoghesi who also criticise postmodernism argues that postmodern is any building that breaks modern constrains of historical styles with vernacular influences. Kolb, D. (1990) page 88. The restriction of modern architecture on historical influences is one of the main challenges of postmodernism. Jean-Francois Lyotard a postmodern critic explains that one characteristics of postmodernism is the transform nature understanding in scientific and computerised society, this has gave them advance knowledge and technology to overcoming and the rational and austere notion of modernism. Sarup, M. (1993). In favour of this, Joseph Fredrick who defended against the International Styles and his own idea of construction explains that modernism in architecture has various characters but its attack was on its style, which inevitably postmodernism has taking over. It is the austereness of modernisms traditional forms which postmodern took the advantage of scientific knowledge to break the historical influences and give freedom for architects to design their building. Larson, M, S. (1993). The division between modern and postmodern is that modern is restricted whereby postmodern has its freedom to design. Furthermore modernist notion of architecture as rational and austere to traditional restriction has not been negated by postmodern but it has interpreted and integrated modernist ideology. However Jencks argue that postmodernism has not become a break or dropped the idea of modernist architecture but it has evolve from modernism, and has notice the understanding of the development of its time so they change the direction and extended its characteristics to suit its era. Portoghesi, P. (1980). Therefore postmodernism is commonly known as the stylistic phenomenon. Ghirardo, D. (1996) page 8 Charles Jenks argues that postmodern buildings in general have made a positive impact in architecture, since the nineteenth century technological construction has made a vast improvement on buildings and has been overly-accurate as with the hand-crafted variety, this and other factors have become the main reason for its break from modernism. Likewise he argues that postmodernism has taking radically from the concept of how to knowledge building space where as modernist to see space as something to be shaped for social purposes, they interpret space as something independent, to be design according to creative aims but not to overreach its traditional influences. An example is Le Corbusiers Domino buildings (see figure 3) which started modernist development of space, however postmodernism reacted to this by looking for solutions to define place instead of abstract spaces and to establish the various ambiguity of spaces rather than the simple, predictable traditional building of moderni st architecture. Jenks, C. (1990). Le Corbusiers domino housing project There are certain features of modernism which have been developed by postmodernist architects, the spatial ideas such as layered and shallow simple spaces of Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier. Postmodernist have developed these aspects into a more new kind of ambiguous space with various complex elements. Jenks, C. (1988). Charles Jencks points out that postmodern architecture have two reasons into significant technological change; the first is the contemporary communications have broken the strong modernist interest of the rational and austere spaces based on function and of social interest. The second is the advance technologies for example computer modelling which has broken away from traditional restraints and permitted the flexibility of designing and constructing. Jenks, C. (1990). Postmodernism has not dropped modernist notion of architecture but it has taking certain elements of it such as space and even some traditional aspects of building and developed it into a more complex style. However it has set freedom from modernist conception that architecture should be austere and reasonable. The advances scientific technology has aided postmodernism to evolve from modernism. Jenks, C. (1988). Michael Graves as a postmodernism architect. Michael Graves was part of the late-modern movement before he left the abstract conception approach to the New York Five in 1977; this group consisted of Peter Eisenman, Richard Meier, Michael Graves, and Charles Gwathmey. They introduce an advance technique of designing with figural element, and this has influenced postmodern architects. Schulz, N. (1990) page 7-8. He then left to join other architects such as Venturi, Moore, and Stern who were involve with the prototype for postmodernism in America. Ghirardo, D. (1996). Graves has become one of most influential architects in postmodernism, his concept of fragments have become significant to postmodernist architects to design their building in a complex and ambiguous style which contradicts the notion of modernism. Graves has also adapted postmodern classicism in architecture such as the Portland Building and the Humana Building (see figure 4 and 5). Grave has taking the traditional forms and styles of classicism and extended into a postmodern approach by introducing classical skyscrapers. Jenks, C. (1988). THE PORTLAND PUBLIC SERVICES BUILDING The Portland building (see figure 4) was a very significant municipal building within its era, which was begun in 1980 in Portland Oregon, this project provoked modernist architects because it was one of the most inspirational building in postmodernism. Powell, K. (1995). The public building is located in the middle of the area whereby it had to have a quality of postmodern landmark, but however his way out was to bring back figural forms to the building to portray the public nature of the context and urban and the internal program. He used the classical style of organisation by dividing the building into three parts; which is the base, body and the top. Bibliography Bauman, Z., 2004. Identity conversation with Benedetto Vecchi. London: Polity Press. KING, D. A., 2004. Spaces of Global Cultures Architecture Urbanism Identity. New York: Routledge. POWELL, K., 1994. Lloyds Building Richard Rogers Partnership ARCHITECTURE IN DETAILS. London: Phaidon. POWELL, K., 1999. Richard Rogers Complete Works Volume One. London: Phaidon. POWELL, K., 2001. Richard Rogers Complete Works Volume Two. London: Phaidon. SIEBERT, H., 2007. The World Economy A global analysis. 3rd edition. New York: Routledge. SILVER, N., 1997. The Making of Beaubourg: A Building Biography of the Centre Pompidou, Paris. (s.n.): MIT Press. SIMAI, M., 1990. GLOBAL POWER STRUCTURE, TECHNOLOGY AND WORLD ECONOMY IN THE LATE TWENTIETH CENTURY. London: Pinter publishers Limited. STRELITZ, Z., ed., 2005. Tall buildings a strategic design guide. London: RIBA Publishing. VALE, J. L., 2008. Architecture, Power, and National Identity. 2nd edition. New York: Routledge. WOODS, N., ed., 2000. The Political Economy of Globalisation. New York: Palgrave (ANON) Royal exchange luxury shopping and dining.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Good evening. A couple weeks ago, I was attempting to clean my room when I unearthed an old yearbook from my days in middle school. Rather absentmindedly I opened the book to browse through it. However, before long I became immersed in the memories brought back to life and quickly lost track of time. Over an hour later, I set the book aside and marveled at how much had changed since then. Not only had people changed physically, but they had also changed their friends, habits and behaviors. Furthermore, we have all grown as a result of the changing world around us, a changing world that has witnessed the tragedy of Sept. 11, 2001, as well as the constant birth of new technologies which make our lives easier. These changes have shaped new outlooks on life, along with the way we perceive ourselves. The concept of change is as timeless as history itself. Change is inevitable, whether it be changes in your statues from a student to an adult, changes in your path in life or simply changes in your appearance as you approach old age. While change can, at times, appear menacing, it ...

Ashoka country/region: India Lifespan Essay

Political conditions prior to leader’s gaining power: The Mauryan Empire was perhaps the largest empire ever to dominate the Indian subcontinent. Administration of Mauryan dynasty emote a stupendous instance, in which the top order established solemn groundwork for their descendants.Chandragupta Maurya, the founder king of the Mauryan Dynasty, represents the quintessence of the Mauryan kings, who materialised the very idea of political unification of India. social condition prior to leader’s gaining power: Among the more significant changes which had taken place by the middle of the first millennium B.C. was the development of towns and urban culture. The coming of Aryan culture based on pastoralism and agrarian village communities. It resulted in the entire process of development from village cultures to urban cultures being re-experienced in northern India. Towns evolved from trade centres and craft villages, and consequently the dominant institution of urban life was the guild. economic condition prior to leader’s gaining power: Land revenue had been recognised as a major source of state income before the Mauryas. The proverbial wealth of the Nandas was doubtless due to their efficient collection of revenue from the fertile middle Ganga plain. ideology, motivation, goals: Ashoka goals were to bring Buddhist values, general welfare, justice, and security. significant actions & events during term of power: Ashoka’s military power was so strong that he was able to crush those empires that went to war against him. Ashoka also planted trees in his empire and his neighboring countries. Ashoka was perhaps the first emperor in human history to ban slavery, hunting, fishing and deforestation. Ashoka also banned the death sentence and asked the same for the neighboring countries. Ashoka commanded his people to serve the orders of their elders parents and religious monks. Ashoka also recommended his people study and respect all religions. According to Ashoka, to harm another’s religion is a harm to one’s own religion. Ashoka asked people to live with harmony, peace, love and tolerance. Ashoka called his people as his children, and they could call him when they need him. He also asked people to save money and not to spend for immoral causes. short term effects: After his death the dynasty fell, creating a new dynasty in India. long term effects: Ashoka influence the spread of Buddhism thought India. Until today most of the Indian population still is Buddhists. View as multi-pages

Ba Hospitality And Tourism Management Tourism Essays

Ba Hospitality And Tourism Management Tourism Essays Ba Hospitality And Tourism Management Tourism Essay Ba Hospitality And Tourism Management Tourism Essay Singapore used to trust on fabricating industries such as electronics, oil boring equipment, crude oil refinement, gum elastic merchandises and ship mending. From the beginning of 2010, Singapore has changed its focal point on emphasise more on service industry. There are two freshly opened casino-resorts: Resorts World Sentosa and Marina Bay Sands, the Resort World Sentosa was the first casino in Singapore ; it opened on the 14th February 2010. Two months subsequently on the 27th April 2010, the 2nd casino, Marina Bay Sands that was built by US-based Las Vegas Sands, opened ( Lau 2010 ) . Harmonizing to PESTEL frame theoretical account to analysis the Singapore IR industry, foremost of all from the political position, for many old ages, the authorities has resisted calls to put up casinos in Singapore ( Aristotle 2010 ) . On 18 April 2005, the Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong announced the Cabinet s determination to develop two IRs at Marina Bayfront and Sentosa. In his address, PM Lee explained the alteration in the authorities s long standing policy with respects to casinos, due to concern with losing fight in economic system and touristry to other widely distributed metropoliss ( CASA Veneracion 2012 ) . In order to take down the hazard for Singaporeans acquiring addicted to chancing, the Singapore authorities requires an entrance fee of $ 100 on each Singapore citizens when they enter the casino ( CNNG 2010 ) . From societal position, Singapore has been good known for its multi-racial society. With the gap of the Integrated Resorts in Singapore, has led this multi-racial society to a greater degree. By conveying people form a broad assortment of topographic points and civilizations together, aliens and local people learn about each other, their differences, and their similarities and make common apprehension. But at the same clip, there are several groups, including the Muslim and Christian communities and societal militants, express their disapproval to the casino ( Palmer 2011 ) . Many concerns over the negative societal impact of casino gaming every bit good as gap of doors to unwanted activities including money laundering, harlotry, and organized offense ( Wong 2009 ) . Peoples starts to worried about the safety issues and the repute of Singapore since it used to be Word s most safety metropolis . Since the two IR opened, it brings a batch of benefit to Singapore, revenue enhancement gross and tourers are increased dramatically. Through research I found that Resorts World Sentosa recorded 149,000 visitants of the casino in the first hebdomad after the gap ( Google News 2010 ) . Equally good as 857,000 visitants arrived and visited Singapore in February for the first clip, which is addition of 24.3 per centum in comparing to the same moth in the recent twelvemonth ( Straitstimes 2010 ) . This figures shows that the touristry industry in Singapore is get downing to better. Additionally, tourers came to Singapore in March has increased by 17.5 per centum, it was the best recorded for the month of March ( Gossling 2003 ) . Harmonizing to the statistics, hotel tenancy is about 85 per centum, reported by Singapore Tourism Board ( Gossling 2003 ) . From the engineering position, reported by the Singapore News, they spent 1000000s of dollars on green engineerings and sustainable edifice constructs to conserve resources, such as Resorts World Sentosa, transplanted 900 trees affected by building work. It is now replanting them- along the streets of Hollywood and New York- within its Universal Studio subject park. The Resorts World Sentosa besides has Singapore s largest solar installing that can bring forth over 500,000 kWs per hr of energy a twelvemonth ( Wong 2009 ) . In general, casino development in Singapore is a necessary immorality, which in some instances assisting Singapore to switch off from fabricating sectors to service-based economic system. Casino development in Singapore is merely a start, there is still a long manner to travel and it is a immense long-run investing. The Monte Carlo Resort and Casino is a megaresort hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, USA. It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International. As of 2010, Monte Carlo has an AAA-Four-Diamond evaluation ( Macy 2011 ) . Land was broken for the hotel in March 1995. It was originally known as the Grand Victoria . The palatial manner was a reminiscent of the Belle Epoque, which is how the Gallic refer to the architecture of the Victorian epoch in England. After much unfavorable judgment by MGM Grand functionaries, it was shortened to Victoria and so changed to Monte Carlo . Monte Carlo was built as a joint venture between Mirage Resorts and Circus Circus Enterprises, and cost US $ 344 million to construct. The resort sits on 44 estates, occupied by the Dunes Hotel until its destruction in October 1993. The Monte Carlo opened to the populace on June 21, 1996, at 12:01 ante meridiem, following invitation-only VIP pre-opening jubilation the anterior twenty-four hours, including a pyrotechnic show ( Kathleen 2008 ) . Harmonizing to PESTEL frame theoretical account to analysis the ground Monte Carlo built in Las Vegas, from societal position, Las Vegas is an internationally celebrated major resort metropolis for chancing, shopping, and all right dining. The metropolis measures itself as The Entertainment Capital of the World, and is celebrated for its amalgamate hotel-casinos and associated amusement. A turning retirement and household metropolis, Las Vegas is the 31st-most population at the 2010 nose count of 583,756. The 2010 population of the Las Vegas metropolitan country was 1,951,269 ( Thompson 2001 ) . Las Vegas was built in 1854 by the western United States Mormons built, in the hereafter the Mormons moved out ; the United States authorities makes it into a station. Las Vegas is the name of the Spanish, intending fertile vale , because Las Vegas is environing bare desert and semi desert countries merely have an oasis of spring, with spring H2O, and bit by bit become traffics route station and railroad station. It opens port in 1905. Nevada found gold and Ag ; a big figure of gilded digger into Las Vegas began to din, but as the western excavation town, every bit shortly as the lighting will be abandoned. In 1931 the great depression in the United States, in order to hold economic troubles, Nevada parliament passed chancing legal measure, Las Vegas became a Las Vegas, and rapid development ( Land 2004 ) . The other ground Monte Carlo built in Las Vegas, from legal position, Las Vegas construct in 1905, Nevada decided to do chancing become legal calling, one time this proclamation established, Charleston amusement and decease valley national exhibition hall is really representative. From that minute, Las Vegas on the name of spread, it has 250 casinos and more than 60000 slot machines . Now the Las Vegas has the universe s top resort hotel, and the universe first-class large-scale public presentations and hi-tech amusement installations ( TOG 2005 ) . From the beginning of 1993 in Las Vegas, the tourer semen to Las Vegas all of a sudden jump a batch. In add-on, Nevada have jurisprudence, people who at least 21 old ages old and upward, to let imbibe intoxicant and gaming ( Baidu 2012 ) . The gambling industry contributed to the development of touristry, the amusement industry. In order to maintain the economic system stable development, the chancing commitment brand of rigorous self-discipline mechanism, to those investors strict censoring, to casino rigorous supervising, one time they found the job, the parties will neer let in the local concern and kick the name from bookmaking list off ( Baidu 2012 ) . In order to pull tourers, societal public security direction is really good, the people who win the first award, if necessary, will be by two constabularies escort to any topographic point in the United States at place. Merely Nevada jurisprudence allows the sex trade legal province, but in Las Vegas state prohibitory sex trade dealing in order to keep societal order. Form economic position, Monte Carlo is the first hotel owned by MGM physique in Las Vegas and in at that place, the metropolis economic rely on touristry industry, each twelvemonth attract 38.9 million visitants, all these factors brings the rich net income for the urban economic system ( Shimp 2010 ) . Passenger traffic at McCarran International Airport dropped somewhat for the 3rd month in a row in November, harmonizing to statistics released Friday. Traffic dropped 0.3 per centum in November compared to the same month last twelvemonth, with a sum of 3.31 million travellers geting or going. Harmonizing to a study by Moody s Investors Service published in March of 2012, there are positive tendencies for the metropolis of Las Vegas ; 38.9 million visitants in 2011, stand foring a 4.3 % addition over 2010. $ 6.068 billion in bet oning grosss on the strip in 2011, a healthy 5.1 % addition over 2010 every bit good as hotel tenancy increased by 3.4 % in 2011, the first addition since 2007. Through the research, there is a study by Vegas.com shows that tenancy rates for belongingss along the Strip should around 95 % ( HMG 2012 ) . Las Vegas will ever be a top tourer finish. The metropolis may be losing some concern to the Asiatic gaming centre Macao, but they still attract close to 40 million visitants yearly who infuse one million millions of dollars every twelvemonth into the local economic system ( HMG 2012 ) . The casino in Monte Carlo is a immense topographic point which provide Slots Machines, Table Games, Poker Room, etc. Harmonizing to Montercarl.com, Monte Carlo is slot machine Eden. There are tonss of machine you can take from traditional slots to the latest picture fire hook machines. Table games are the bosom and psyche of authoritative casino action, whether you are in the temper for a simple, elegant game of Baccarat or you are merely watching the game, there will be friendly service and helpful casino hosts to guarantee you have a great clip. Monte Carlo s oasis that is athleticss and Equus caballus racing, with large screens and unrecorded action, it is a perfect topographic point to hearten on all you favourites. Actually, Las Vegas through casino make money in gambling, suites, nutrient, amusement, the entire gross in Las Vegas for 3 month was $ 733 Million dollars including everything, with $ 88.2 million income. For each casino on norm and an mean twenty-four hours of the 3rd one-fourth is $ 108,000. In Monte Carlo, the norm of casino makes about 1 million dollars a dark ( Lee 2011 ) . But form the negative side, casino besides conveying negative effects to the people. Since 1998, Las Vegas every twelvemonth 282-292 people commit suicide, an norm of 100000 people dead, this figures shows that Las Vegas is the top self-destruction rate. Some of the gambler straight from casino high-rise honkytonk off. The ground is because of self-destruction in Las Vegas chancing lose excessively much. In order to maintain the economic system stable development, chancing commission devising of rigorous self-discipline mechanism, to investors rigorous censoring, maintain an oculus on the casino operation, supervising the casino operation, one time found the job, that people will neer let participate in the local concern and will do his name clearly form the list. At the same clip, in order to pull tourers, societal public security direction is really rigorous, anyone won the first award, if necessary, there will be two constabularies escort to any topographic point boulder clay they reach place ( Jafari 2000 ) . The authorities liability is to do everyone unrecorded safety and bask himself in Las Vegas, so there is a jurisprudence to those people who wants to come in the casino, you have to be 21 old ages old to chance or be in the chancing country of a casino in the province of Nevada, as per Nevada Gaming Commission. Person under the age of 21 can walk through a casino in order to acquire to a eating house, invitee suites, public toilets, or child s arcade, but they can non linger in the gaming country. There are some brawny mulcts, up to $ 10,000, if a minor gets caught chancing. Fake IDs do non go through the trial of security officers and casino employees ; we are good trained in what to look for. And if you do non acquire caught and you win a kitty you will non acquire paid, ID required for payouts of over $ 1,199, and rather perchance you will confront gaol clip ( Chitty 2002 ) . The authorities duty is to protect people under a safety environment to play and seek their best to forest all people over fascinated on gaming. There is one more thing we need to foreground is how the IR maintain sustainable over the following 2-3 old ages. Through the research, Monte Carlo Resort and Casino they through casino and large event earn the net income. Harmonizing to About.com, merely one one-fourth the hotel earns $ 108,000. In Monte Carlo, the norm of casino makes about 1 million dollars a dark ( Lee 2011 ) . There are tonss of events in Monte Carlo for the following 2-3 old ages, for illustration, Olympics and World Cup will be keeping in the center of 2013. Hosting athleticss events surely benefits the host states, which is apparent by the intense command to bag the rights to host one. Major featuring events conveying more to a metropolis than fan exhilaration. In add-on to the bangs of game action, these events funnel 1000000s of dollars into the host state chiefly through disbursement by the international witnesss and investings by foreign houses seeking to spread out their markets. Major athleticss events are frequently seen as a beginning of economic coevals though there are decidedly costs associated with hosting large-scale athleticss events ( WordPress 2012 ) . Another event is Zumanity, it will be keeping in January of 2014, it is a resident cabaret-style shows by Crique du Soleil at Monte Carlo on the Las Vegas Strip, and he production was unveiled on September 20, 2003. It is the first adult-themed Cirque du Soleil show, billed as the animal side of Cirque du Soleil or another side of Cirque du Soleil . Created by Rene Richard Cyr and Dominic Champagne, Zumanity is a going from the criterion Cirque format. Intended to be for mature grownup audiences merely, this show is centered on titillating vocal, dance, and tumblings ( PRVegas 2013 ) . In my posting, I will keep a BLUE MAN GROUP event, they have public presentation from October 10, 2013-December 31, 2013 every bit good as January 1, 2014- April 30, 2014. Blue Man Group is a originative organisation dedicated to making exciting and advanced work in a broad assortment of media. Blue Man Group is best known for its award-winning theatrical productions which critics have described as ground-breaking, screaming, visually arresting and musically powerful. These public presentations feature three puzzling bald and bluish characters who take the audience through a multi-sensory experience that combines theatre, percussive music, art, scientific discipline and music hall into a signifier of amusement that is like nil else. Peoples from all over the universe, from all walks of life and from all age groups have become fans of Blue Man Group s show in New York, Boston, Chicago and Las Vegas. Blue Man Group late announced programs to open a 5th theatrical production in Berlin in May 2004 ( Baidu 2012 ) . We are selling 3 classs of ticket, one is standard position ticket to Blue Man Group, is $ 129.00 all inclusive and one is $ 139.00, for this sort of ticket, the client can pick of prix fixe dinner at The Pub and 2-for-1 cocktail or imbibe at lgnite Bar, the other 1 is $ 179.00, a premium position ticket, besides can pick of prix fixe dinner at Brand Steakhouse and 2-for-1 cocktail or imbibe at lgnite Bar. Blue Man Group is besides known for its alone manner of music, which is played on a assortment of invented instruments. Blue Man Group s 1999 introduction album, AUDIO was nominated for a Grammy in the Best Pop Instrumental Album class. One referee called it a glorious wall of sound. aˆˆaˆˆBlue Man Group released their extremely anticipated 2nd album, The Complex, which served as a spot of a going for the puzzling performing artists. Aided by some of today s most challenging singers, Blue Man Group has moved beyond the instrumental class. While composing The Complex, Blue Man Group at the same time created a state-of-the-art stone show that captures the subjects and temper of the album. The Complex Rock Tour has been hailed as amazing musicianship enhanced by unadulterated good wit and merriment by The Chicago Sun-Times. aˆˆaˆˆIn add-on to populate shows and music, Blue Man Group has created installings, occurrences, unusual ads, and a figure of television-specific public presentations for The Tonight Show, several of which were nominated for Emmy awards. The Monte Carlo earns the chief net incomes through event and casino. The casino and the large event conveying a batch of benefit to the hotel every bit good as local economic system. . Harmonizing to About.com, merely one one-fourth the hotel earns $ 108,000. In Monte Carlo, the norm of casino makes about 1 million dollars a dark ( Lee 2011 ) .

Biography of Miriam Benjamin, Inventor of Signal Chair

Biography of Miriam Benjamin, Inventor of Signal Chair Miriam Benjamin (September 16, 1861–1947) was a Washington, D.C. school teacher and the second black woman to receive a patent in the United States, given to her in 1888 for an invention she called a Gong and Signal Chair for Hotels. This device might seem to be a bit quaint, but its successor is still used daily- the flight attendant call button on commercial aircraft. Fast Facts: Miriam Benjamin Known For:  Second black woman to receive a patent, she invented the Gong and Signal Chair for HotelsBorn:  September 16, 1861 in Charleston,  South Carolina  Parents: Francis Benjamin and Eliza BenjaminDied:  1947Education: Howard University, Howard University Law SchoolAwards:  Patent number 386,289Notable Quote: From her patent application: The chair would serve to reduce the expenses of hotels by decreasing the number of waiters and attendants, to add to the convenience and comfort of guests and to obviate the necessity of hand clapping or calling aloud to obtain the services of pages. Early Life Benjamin was born as a free person in Charleston, South Carolina, on September 16, 1861. Her father was Jewish and her mother was black. Her family moved to Boston, Massachusetts, where her mother  Eliza hoped to give her children access to good schooling. Education and Career Miriam attended high school in Boston. She later moved to Washington, D.C. and was working as a schoolteacher when she received her patent for the Gong and Signal Chair in 1888. She continued her education at Howard University, first attempting medical school. These plans were interrupted when she passed the civil service exam and got a federal job as a clerk. She later graduated from Howard University law school and became a solicitor of patents. In 1920, she moved back to Boston to live with her mother and work for her brother, noted attorney Edgar Pinkerton Benjamin. She never married. Gong and Signal Chair for Hotels Benjamins invention allowed hotel customers to summon a waiter from the comfort of their chair. A button on the chair would buzz the waiters station and a light on the chair would let the wait staff know who wanted service. Her patent notes that this invention would serve to reduce the expenses of hotels by decreasing the number of waiters and attendants, to add to the convenience and comfort of guests and to obviate the necessity of hand clapping or calling aloud to obtain the services of pages. Anyone who has tried to get the attention of a waiter, especially when they have all seemingly disappeared into the woodwork, might wish this had become a standard in every restaurant. Patent number 386,289 was issued to Miriam Benjamin on July 17, 1888. Her invention received attention from the press. Miriam Benjamin lobbied to have her Gong and Signal Chair adopted by United States House of Representatives, in order to signal pages. The system that was eventually installed there resembled her invention. The Inventive Benjamin Family Miriam was not alone in her inventiveness. The Benjamin family made use of the education their mother Eliza valued so highly. Lude Wilson Benjamin, four years younger than Miriam, received U.S. Patent number 497,747 in 1893 for an improvement on broom moisteners. He proposed a tin reservoir that would attach to a broom and drip water onto the broom to keep it moist so it wouldnt produce dust as it swept. Miriam E. Benjamin was the original assignee for the patent. Edgar P. Benjamin, the youngest in the family, was an attorney and philanthropist who was active in politics. But he also received U.S. Patent number 475,749 in 1892 for a trousers protector, a clip to keep trousers out of the way while bicycling. Death Miriam Benjamin died in 1947. The circumstances of her death are not published. Legacy Benjamin was the second African-American woman to receive a United States patent, after Sarah E. Good, who invented the folding cabinet bed three years prior in 1885. Benjamins invention was the precursor to the flight attendant call button, a key tool for customer service in the airline industry. Sources Brodie, James Michael. Created Equal The Lives and Ideas of Black American Innovators. William Morrow and Co. Inc., 1993Mahoney, Eleanor. â€Å"Miriam E. Benjamin (1861-1947) BlackPast.†Ã‚  BlackPast, 14 Mar. 2019.Miriam E. Benjamin: African American Inventor. MyBlackHistory.net.

Importance of Baseball to New York Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Importance of Baseball to New York - Essay Example The age when these teams existed and played is mostly referred as the Golden Age especially because the three different teams had their loyal fans that liked to watch them compete. However, this was only witnessed in New York and not the rest of the cities, which were characterized by decaying inner cities and aging ballparks. Other cities also lacked a competitive balance that was witnessed in New York (Wetherbee, n.d). The period after the war, however, brought with it some new changes that would change the New York baseball history. By this time, America was transitioning into a modern society and many teams had the chance to move to prosperous heights. Some teams moved to other areas and managed to gather fans. Some of them moved to Idaho while others moved to Milwaukee, Kansas City ad Baltimore among other major areas. This was to move to higher heights, which led to the two of the major leagues moving to California. The Dodgers and the Giants thought that California had better chances, which made them disappoint millions of fans in New York. With one move, the city was drained from its major league representation, which eventually led to the weakening of the championship baseball in this major city. Some of the major players in this period include Mickey Mantle, Jack Roosevelt Robinson and Branch Rickey. As mentioned earlier, baseball represents a huge part of America history. It provided Americans with a sense of togetherness and community, which was non-existent in the corporate world. It was also a source of pride and power for the Americans mostly because of the passion that came with sharing of the game’s experiences among Americans. By this time, the game was universal to all Americans and everyone seemed to know something about the game and the players. The three teams mentioned earlier owned the game (Barbieri, 2013). Before the 1950’s, baseball was part of middle class whites, which would later be challenged by baseball. Jackie

Job reward Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Job reward - Essay Example Research suggests that both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards are necessary in motivating employees. Traditionally, extrinsic rewards that are derived not from the work itself were considered sufficient. These include salaries, bonuses, perks, benefits, commissions and cash rewards (Thomas). The tall hierarchies and close supervision allowed managers to keep track of whether the policies are being followed and could either grant or hold back these rewards based on performance. However, workers today prefer self-management rather than close supervision and get motivated from being empowered which gives them a sense of belonging to the organization (Thomas). Hence, intrinsic rewards are largely based on the satisfaction that workers derive from the task at hand (Thomas). Therefore, intrinsic rewards entail greater commitment and initiative on the part of workers who take pride in doing their work. Although the importance of extrinsic rewards is diminishing, they are can by no means be ne glected. As per Maslow’s theory of hierarchy, lower order needs such as pay and job security must first be satisfied before workers become motivated by higher order needs such as belonging, self-esteem and self-actualization. Therefore, both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards must be considered in employees’ job rewards package. Rummassah’s major problem in recent years is its high employee turnover and low level of employee morale that has often been reflected in bad attitude towards customers and job switching to competitors’ companies. Greater insight revealed that Rummassah was paying too little monetary incentives to its best performers and too much to their inefficient workers which led to the latter’s disillusionment. Most rewards were not customer focused as a result of which even poor performers were getting the same monetary incentives as good performers. Furthermore, rewards focused on length of service or seniority tends to turn compensati on into entitlement. Furthermore, insights revealed that part-time employees were not been provided with stock options which made them switch to other jobs, thereby increasing costs for the company. Employees also complained about monotonous work and lack of social gatherings to break the high pressure and stress during peak periods. Considering that almost 40% of the workforce was expatriates, they could not understand local Arabic language which made them fearful of dealing with customers. Finally, there were complains of long waiting times and lack of coordination amongst the cafe staff by disgruntled customers. In view of the above problems, the organization must implement a rewards program that addresses the above issues. Performance in this case shall be based on the achievement of tasks in the job description as well as relations with other employees. Firstly, good performers shall be recognized through their picture being put up on the company’s notice board under the caption â€Å"Star of the month†. The best performer will receive a bonus of AED 300. Furthermore, the name of this employee shall be featured on the company’s website. However, research shows that simply praising the employee’s work through thank you notes has more value than employee of the month awards (Bersin, 2012). Keeping